?? Bangladesh's Political Landscape in 2025
1. Transitional Government and Reform Agenda
Following the student-led “Monsoon Revolution” in mid-2024, former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina was ousted, and Nobel Laureate Muhammad Yunus assumed leadership of an interim government in August. He pledged deep reforms—targeting corruption, police accountability, constitutional amendments, and electoral restructuring—with major oversight from new commissions.
2. Constitutional Changes & Governance Dynamics
In October 2024, the Constitutional Reform Commission led by Ali Riaz proposed the formation of a National Constitutional Council (NCC) to overhaul Bangladesh’s foundational institutions. The council aims to promote transparency and accountability across branches of government.
However, ongoing tensions between Yunus and military leadership—particularly Army Chief General Waker‑uz‑Zaman—highlight a fragile transition. Disputes over projects like the Rakhine corridor and election timelines signal a widening power gap.
3. Fragmented Political Forces
Traditional parties such as BNP are pressing for elections by end-2025, warning of instability if polls slip into 2026. [4] [5] Meanwhile, the rise of the National Citizen Party (NCP)—rooted in student protests—reflects a generational shift, though Jamaat-e-Islami and Hefazat-e-Islam are also reasserting influence. [1]
4. Civil Tensions & Suppression
The strike of NBR officials in May–June 2025 disrupted customs, VAT, and revenue collection, exposing institutional vulnerabilities. Though the government deemed these jobs essential and ended the strike, the crackdown intensified. [6] Journalists have faced growing threats, particularly following protests and labor disputes tied to political-affiliated groups. Over 90 media professionals were harassed or attacked in May alone.
5. National Crisis: Dhaka Jet Crash
On July 21, a Bangladesh Air Force training jet crashed into Milestone School in Dhaka, killing dozens including 25 children. This tragedy triggered nationwide student protests demanding accountability and prompted national mourning. The interim government ordered an immediate investigation and vowed support for victims.
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⚠️ High-Level Challenges Ahead
| ? Key Concern | ? Why It Matters |
